Hi....Welcome to All




HAI........
WELCOME TO CMTES....
PRAKASH
CMTES INFO LTD

%ADMINISTRATOR % IN
WINDOWS ,UNIX & LINUX


RUN command shortcuts
I know there are a lot of people who love using the run prompt or the command prompt rather than using the mmc control ... So here are some quick tips that you can use ... Enjoy ...



Accessibility Controls : access.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard : hdwwiz.cpl
Add/ Remove Programs : appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools : control admintools
Automatic Updates : wuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard : fsquirt
Calculator : calc
Certificate Manager : certmgr.msc
Character Map : charmap
Check Disk Utility : chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer : clipbrd
Command Prompt : cmd
Component Services : dcomcnfg
Computer Management : compmgmt.msc
Date and Time Properties : timedate.cpl
DDE Shares : ddeshare
Device Manager : devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)* : directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter : dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility : cleanmgr
Disk Defragment : dfrg.msc
PDF created with pdfFactory trial versionwww.pdffactory.com
Disk Management : diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager : diskpart
Display Properties : control desktop
Display Properties : desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected) : control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility : drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility : verifier
Event Viewer : eventvwr.msc
File Signature Verification Tool : sigverif
Findfast : findfast.cpl
Folders Properties : control folders
Fonts : control fonts
Fonts Folder : fonts
Free Cell Card Game : freecell
Game Controllers : joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) : gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Game : mshearts
Iexpress Wizard : iexpress
Indexing Service : ciadv.msc
Internet Properties : inetcpl.cpl
IP Configuration (Release All Connections) : ipconfig / release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections) : ipconfig / renew
IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS) : ipconfig /registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID) : ipconfig /showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID) : ipconfig / setclassid
Java Control Panel (If Installed) : jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel (If Installed) : javaws
Keyboard Properties : control keyboard
Local Security Settings : secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups : lusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out Of Windows : logoff
Microsoft Chat : winchat
Minesweeper Game : winmine
Mouse Properties : control mouse
Mouse Properties : main.cpl
Network Connections : control netconnections
Network Connections : ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard : netsetup.cpl
Notepad : notepad
Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed) : nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packager : packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator : odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard : osk
PDF created with pdfFactory trial versionwww.pdffactory.com
Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) : ac3filter.cpl
Password Properties : password.cpl
Performance Monitor : perfmon.msc
Performance Monitor : perfmon
Phone and Modem Options : telephon.cpl
Power Configuration : powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes : control printers
Printers Folder : printers
Private Character Editor : eudcedit
Quicktime (If Installed) : QuickTime.cpl
Regional Settings : intl.cpl
Registry Editor : regedit
Registry Editor : regedit32
Remote Desktop : mstsc
Removable Storage : ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests : ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) : rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras : sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks : control schedtasks
Security Center : wscui.cpl
Services : services.msc
Shared Folders : fsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windows : shutdown
Sounds and Audio : mmsys.cpl
PDF created with pdfFactory trial versionwww.pdffactory.com
Spider Solitare Card Game : spider
SQL Client Configuration : cliconfg
System Configuration Editor : sysedit
System Configuration Utility : msconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately) : sfc / scannow
System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot) : sfc / scanonce
System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) : sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting) : sfc / revert
System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache) : sfc / purgecache
System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x) : sfc /cachesize= x
System Properties : sysdm.cpl
Task Manager : taskmgr
Telnet Client : telnet
User Account Management : nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager : utilman
Windows Firewall : firewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier : magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure : wmimgmt.msc
Windows System Security Tool : syskey
Windows Update Launches : wupdmgr
Windows XP Tour Wizard : tourstart
Wordpad : write
PDF created with pdfFactory trial versionwww.pdffactory.com


LINUX ADMINISTRATION



Linux installation
Minimum Requirements
533 MHz clock speed of CPU
512 MB memory of ram
10 GB free space of hard disk
Linux bootable DVD

DVD drive

G.U.I Based Installation:-

Graphical User Interface

1. Insert the Linux Bootable DVD into the DVD – Rom.

2. After Restart the system, Press Del (Or) F2 function key on the booting time.

3. It will display CMOS setup dialog box, Select Advanced Bios features option and press Enter key.

4. Select First Boot Device CD – Rom option and select Second Boot Device Hard Disk.

5. Press F10and enter to save and exit the CMOS.

6. Press Enter key to install the Linux in graphical mode.



7. Press Skip button.

8. Press Next button.

9. It will display Language selection Click on again Next button; it will show Key Board Language selection Click on Next button.

10. It will ask Serial No, select Skip entering installation number option.

11. Click "Ok" button, Click "Skip" button.

12. Select the "Create Custom Layout" option in to the Drop Down menu.

13. Click on Next button.

Partitions Creating Options:-







New:-

This option is used to Creating the "New" Partitions.

Delete:-

This option is used to "Delete" the existing Partitions.

14. Select the free space and click on "New" button, Select in the

Mount Pointedplace

/boot - 200 MB

15. Again Select the free space and click on "New" button, Select in the Mount Pointed place

/home - 400 MB

16. Again Select the free space and click on "New" button, Select in the File System place

/swap - 2*Ram

(Check Ram Capacity: - Press Ctrl + Alt + F2 and Type "Free" enter then press Ctrl+Alt+F6 to exit )

17. Again Select the free space and click on "New" button, Select in the Mount Pointed place

/ - 10000MB

18. Click on Next button, it will ask installation Booting Operating System selection.

Note:-

This option it will ask already another Operating System is there then that time only.

19. Again Click on Next button.

20. Again Click on Next button.

21. Select the Time Zone: Asia/Calcutta, Click on Next button.

22. Give the Root Password and Confirm as it is into the required text boxes.

23. Click on Next button.

24. It will ask Installation type, Click on Next button.

25. Again Click on Next button, it will start installation.

26. After minimum packages installation, Click on "Reboot" button and Remove the DVDfrom the DVD Rom.

27. It will display "Welcome Wizard", Click on Forward button.

28. It will ask "License Agreement", Select "Yes I agree" option and Click on Forward button.

29. Select the Firewalls "Disabled" option by the Scroll Down menu.

30. Click on Forward button, Click on Yes button.

31. Again Select the SELinux Setting "Disabled" option by the Scroll Down menu and Click on Forward button, Click on Yes button.

32. Click on Forward button.

33. Give the correct "Date and Time Setting" and Click on Forward button.

34. Again Click on Forward button.

35. Again Click on Forward button, Click on Continue button.

36. Again Click on Forward button.

37. Click on Finish button, Click on OK button.

Features of Linux:-

It is a 32 & 64 bit Multi User Multi Task Operating System; Linux supports IP Version – 4 & 6.

Linux having two Desktops KDE and GNOME.

KDE - Kernel Desktop Environment

GNOME - Graphical Network Object Module Environment.

Linux having so many inbuilt Software’s like C, C++, Java, Open Office…etc.

Linux having inbuilt Servers like Samba, FTP, NIS, NFS …etc.

Linux supports maximum 8 LAN Cards.

Linux can be installed by using CD’s, Hard Disk, FTP Server, NFS Server, NIS Server…etc.

its having 4 defaults Window’s.

its having 7 Terminal’s on that 6 are Text Terminal based and 1 is Graphical Terminal.

Linux was invented in 1991 by Linus Trovalds.

Root is the defaut user account

It doesn,t supports the exe files

Linux is developed from the unix.

Unix is the 100% text based o/s but Linux is the 50% text and 50% graftel based o/s

UNIX (Universal Networking Information eXchage)

Linux supports ext 2 and Ext 3 file systems



Linux having two Versions:-

Core

None Core

Core:-

In Linux Operating System Kernel and Shell will works separately.

Non – Core:-

In Linux Operating System Kernel and Shell will work combined.

Linux is having so many Distributors:-

Red Hat

SUSE

Centos

Mandrake

Slack Ware

Turbo Linux

PC Q Linux

Note:-

In Linux Red Hat there are 3 editions are there, Like

1. RHEL Enterprise Server (2 CPU’s, 4 GB Ram)

2. RHEL Advanced Server (32 CPU’s, 64 GB Ram)

3. RHEL Work Station (1 CPU, 16 GB Ram)

Root File System ( )





/Boot /Bin /Dev /Etc /Home /Init.rd /Lost+ Found /Mnt /Misc /Opt /Proc /Root /SBin /Tmp /Usr /Var

/Boot:-

It contains boot loader, image of the kernel and init.rd information.

Boot Loader contains bootable files and commands which are required to boot the Operating System. There are two different types of Linux boot loaders are there.

LILO (Linux Loader)

GRUB (Grand Unified Bootable Loader)

From Red Hat 7.2 onwards Grub is the default Boot loader.

For RHEL V3 the Kernel Version is 2.4

For RHEL V4 the Kernel Version is 2.6

For RHEL V5 the Kernel Version is 2.6.18

Init.rd contains initial Ram Disk Information.

/Bin:-

It contains binaries are basic command line utilities. These commands only can execute by both root as well as the normal user.

/Dev:-

It contains Hardware Devices information.

/Etc:-

It contains Operating System main configuration files.

/Home:-

It contains normal users home directories information.

/Init.rd:-

It maintains different run levels (Or) Init levels of Linux Operating System.

/Last + Found:-

It contains missing files of the Linux Operating System.

/Mnt:-

It contains temporary mount points for the Hardware Devices.

/Misc:-

It contains misllanious and auto mounting information.

/Opt:-

It contains third party applications information (Ex: - Sun Star Office).

/Proc:-

It contains all kernel related running process information.

/Root:-

It contains Super Users home directories information.

/SBin:-

It contains Super Users binary information.

/Tmp:-

It contains temporary files and downloaded files information/

/Usr:-

Majority of the Operating System will be loaded into the Sub – Directory.

/Var:-

It contains Variable data information (Ex: - Log Files, Mail Spool Information).







Linux Basic Commands

1. #ls:-

This command is used to view the Directories and Files list

2. #ls –a:-

This command is used to view the hidden Directories, Files,

Normal Directories and Normal Files list.

3. #ls –lt:-

This command it will show only normal Files and Directories

list into the Time wise.

4. #ls –lh:-

This command it will show Human Readable format Files and Directories list.

5. #ls –ld (Or) :-

This command it will show the Particular File (Or) Directory permissions.

6. #ls –R :-

This command it will show the Sub – Directories and its contents information.

7. #uname:-

This command it will display Operating System name.

8. #uname –i:-

This command it will show Kernel Version.

9. #ifconfig:-

This command is used to Checking the LAN Card IP – Address.

10. #hostname:-

This command is used to Check the Host Name.

11. #clear (Or) Ctrl + l:-

This command is used to Clear the Terminal Screen.

12. #history:-

To view the all previous used Commands.

13. #history –c:-

To clear the previous working commands history.

14. #pwd:-

This command is used to view the Present working Directory.

15. #ps – ef:-

It will show currently running process information.

16. #cal:-

a. This command is used to view the Current month Calendar.

Ex:-

#cal

b. This command is used to view the total year Calendar.

Ex:-

#cal 2009

17. #cat:-

a. This command is used to create a new File.

Syntax:-

#cat >

Ex:-

#cat >Cil

Welcome to CIL.

Ctrl + D To Save the File Content.

b. This command is used to View the Contents of File.

Syntax:-

#cat

Ex:-

#cat Cil

Welcome to CIL.



c.This command is used to append a file (To add the Charectors)

Syntax:-

#cat >> Filename

Ex:-

#cat >> Cil

Hello Cmtes

After typing the charector press Ctrl+d

To save and exit the file.



18. #touch:-

This command is used to create multiple empty Files at time.

Ex:-

#touch f1 f2 f3 f4

19. #rm:-

This command is used to remove the existing File.

Syntax:-

#rm

Ex:-

#rm f1

20. #cp:-

This command is used to copy the file one location to another location.

Syntax:-

#cp

Ex:-

#cp Cil Desktop

21. #mv:-

This command is used to move the file one location to another location.

Syntax:-

#mv

Ex:-

#mv Cil Desktop

22. #mkdir:-

a. This command is used to create a new Directory.

Syntax:-

#mkdir

Ex:-

#mkdir balaji

b. This command is used to create at a time multiple new Directories.

Syntax:-

#mkdir

Ex:-

#mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3

c. This command is used to create a main Directory and its Sub – Directories at a time.

Syntax:-

#mkdir –p /

Ex:-

#mkdir –p sai/ganesh/rajesh

23. #rm:-

a. This command is used to remove the empty directory.

Syntax:-

#rmdir

Ex:-

#rmdir balaji



b. This command is used to remove the Sub – Directories information also.

Syntax:-

#rm –rf

Ex:-

#rm –rf sai

W Commands:-

which ls:-

Where exactly located to the path.

whereis ls:-

It will go to location as well as man pages.

who:-

It will show which user is logged in.

who am i:-

It will show detailed information to the current terminal.

whoami:-

It will show the user information, not give the detailed information.

wc :-

It will show how many lines, no. of characters.

wc –l :-

It will show how many lines are there on that file.

wc –c :-

It will show how many characters are there on that file.